Monday, March 1, 2010

Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics II

Read Book X
text available at: http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.html

Guidance question: Why contemplation is the best life? (Relate it to Book I)
journals due on March 4.

20 comments:

  1. Why contemplation is the best life?

    In “Nicomachean Ethics Book I”, Aristotle categorizes three prominent types of lives and one of them is the contemplative life. Aristotle mentions about the contemplative life as a third prominent type of live and he says that the happy man will always be happy throughout his life and bear the chances of life utmost nobly and altogether decorously by engaging in virtuous action and contemplation. To sum up, virtuous action and contemplation are inseparable to become the happy man. Everybody wants to be happy except a contrary person and I think that it is worth trying to do virtuous action and contemplation in one’s own way as long as s/he can.
    The reason that contemplation is the best life for me is the more contemplate, the more people can get to know the meaning of the life and also attain enlightenment of the life.

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  2. Samantha Jones



    People must know what to do when aiming for goods and what to pursue, anyways it could be bad but it aims in a sort of good, hopefully not in vane, those who do seek this happy state of mind must have goals and skills that are not empty. The highest man in the pyramid is the wise or the great just rulers, yet there is a problem and thee structure is unsound. It has all been corrupted due to those who rule and take, and people who take even the church has taken and being unjust by making one pay or to do a task just to say that you have done a good deed just to raise him or her status to be godly.
    Most in ones or in a life in society are influenced in pursuing one art to another for there masterful art and are either doing it out of being blind or doing it to not be in vane and in some type of good are in ways of working together, one must go and pursue knowledge till no longer required or past a certain point is not longer continuing due to a limit. there many different goods and arts within health, science of things and ect. human nature is to enjoy and to please themselves with the goods, to make happy to pleasure by benefiting others and benefiting themselves or to make themselves happy and not letting citizens benefit for they fend for themselves. The youth is seen to need to learn more in life from their own perspective other then others that have rotted there own sight and corrupted them into reading and thinking like those that lived before them, that to become wise they need there own life to live through and to become wise for the youth have nothing but time but the old don't for they are stuck in the idea of death.
    Within life the characteristics of pleasure and pain for youth in educating and steering keeping the idea of pain out of there heads. To enjoy things we do and. To hate things we do in virtue in order to be happy in life. Some say pleasure is the good, but in contrast those are some that say it is in other words bad through itself. It is said that is is a better thing to exhibit pleasure as a bad thing even if not. people think that go foward into there pleasures are then slaves of it, and need to be led in a different direction in a middle stat. But it is not correct and most people are not good at even aiming themselves and or drawing what is good or what is bad. It could be rational or irrational but to aim at it either is for the great or good to Eudoxus that it was ment to be as it was, and the idea of the chief good.

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  3. Pleasure is thought of being the supreme good, but then it is later proven as not. Intelligence and good eyesight for example are good, and are desirable, but they do not exactly bring pleasure. Which proves that pleasure is not the supreme good. There are numerous pleasures that people have in life, they all vary greatly. Some are good, and some are bad. It is then argued that pleasure is bad, unless pleasure is enjoyed by a good person and for the right reasons.

    Happiness on the other hand is entirely good, and it is the highest virtue and it is very different than pleasure. The highest form of happiness is contemplation. “Firstly, this activity is the best because reason the best thing in us and the objects of reason are the best of knowable objects and secondly, it is the most continuous, since we can contemplate truth more continuously than we can do anything.” A life of contemplation would be perfect happiness man. Good people are happy, but learning happiness is not possible because words cannot persuade someone to be good, only practice and a genuine desire to be good. People aren’t good naturally, that is why there are laws so that there can be peace.

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  5. aristotle says perfect happiness is contemplative.he explains that gods do not have any duty or activities to carry out so they spend their time contemplating.therefore in order for us to make the best decision we must contemplate on our decision we are about to make.contemplation can also be its own way be a result or an end product to an activity not necessarily practical.also unlike other pleasures contemplating has no end and its self sufficient it also aims at nothing except itself.he also explains that most people associate true happiness with external appearance,but true happiness does not rely on external goods because true happiness is self sufficient and does not involve excess action.he also says that we can do noble acts without having power or ruling over the earth and with little actions we can be virtuously,being accordance with virtue is enough to be happy.through contemplation we seem to exercise and cultivate our reasons putting us in the best sate of mind and he who is in the best state of mind is dear to the gods.with contemplating one would also be like a philosopher.with philosophical wisdom and virtue one would have the best form of happiness.without contemplating most people will not be able to archive the highest form of happiness therefore they would have to sought to some kind of practical virtue to get some happiness.

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  6. In the first book of Nicomachean Ethics, we are introduced to the concept of the main good: happiness, and the way we achieve this final good: through a virtuous life. To achieve this happiness, we act within our virtuous bounds and follow our rationalities to the point where our virtues and reasoning are happiness in themselves.

    In the final book, we come back to this concept in a different fashion. We arrive back at the concept of pleasure, the layman's idea of the final good, a new argument in which Aristotle explains that the life of pleasure is not the final good, and is made much better with wisdom. He also uses a Plato argument to show that pleasure can not be the true good, for if wisdom is added to it it becomes better, and the true end-all good can never be made better.

    With both of these complex theories in mind, we arrive at the foot of contemplating man. Aristotle argues that intellect and contemplation are the most important tools of a human being, and he is correct; they are tools that are completely exclusive to us as beings, and they are completely inherent. They are our most accessible tool of virtue, our most self sufficient excellence, and our quickest source of pleasure. Using our thinking ability, we can enjoy infinite grace and moral activity, and, finally, attain the virtues one needs in their life to achieve the final good, in the way that it is set forth in the first book: happiness, through a life of virtue and reason. The contemplative life is best because it is our most immediately innate way of achieving happiness and exercising virtue; all we need are good health and lucidity to contemplate and pursue wisdom, and through the sheer power of thought we can achieve not only a self sufficient eternal pleasure but perhaps a true enlightenment, that will not only benefit the "one" in their quest for happiness but the "many" others in search of it as well.

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  7. Aristotle speaks of the best life being a life of contemplation. The reason for this is because someone who is always thinking about happiness can't help but be happy. Ultimately true pleasure seems unattainable by us as human beings because we never seem to be satisfied. Whenever we reach some form of happiness, we always want more. It is what makes us human. Yet someone who is constantly contemplating happiness may not even realize it but they are happier than any other person because, as oppose to most people who if they dont have the state of happiness they desire, a contemplative person is always thinking about being happy. The mere pursuit of happiness can make someone happier then someone who is just sitting around waiting for their happiness to arrive. Contemplation is the best life for all of those previous reasons but i believe aristole also believes that because it is the life that he himself leads.

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  8. In Book X of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle asserts that contemplation must be the highest pleasure achievable by man. In Book I his thesis is that happiness is the greatest good, so it naturally follows that he would elaborate on happiness. Contemplation for him is an activity of the best of man's natural capacity and because of that, it constantly gives affords man the greatest good of happiness.

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  9. well in book I he speaks about hapiness but book two relates to virtue and completing life. Virtue being of two kinds, intellectual and moral. He speaks about birtha and growth in intelectuallity that humans are not born with morals. Aristotole also mentions the nature of actions and that human beings act to a common principle. He also speaks about different levels of different emotions that one aquires. He talks about the pleasure or pain one iflicts on acts. In my words i think that what he is trying to say that depending on what a person does he can make him/her feel good or bad. In addition, Aristotle mentions "it has grown up with us all from out infancy; this is why it is difficult to rub off this passion" I think he is trying to talk about love or having feelings for someone.

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  10. According to Aristotle a contemplative life is one that measures the good and the bad of every situation and try to find the mean.by finding the mean you become virtuous. there is a thin line between virtue and vice. in order to live as a good person one must find the intermediate between extreme and defective acts. if a person gets angry to the extreme he is considered self indulgent but he who becomes angry rarely is considered modest. you must learn to become temperate and to do so u must be contemplative of your actions and execute actions in moderation. once you reach this state you become a person worthy of praise.

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  11. Courtney Brown

    Book two of Aristotles nicomachaen ethics continues the discuission on virtue and just acts with attempts of some further understaning of what just and good acts are composed of. Aristotle starts off by talking about the two types of virtue which are intellectual and moral. Our intellectual virtue is one that can be altered and learned with time and expierence. While our moral virtues are ones thats are formed by our habbits. Aristotle then begins to talk about people character traits and how they help form peoples virtues and fates. people who dont induldge in the pleasures of life become somewhat insensible. while the man who indulges all and fears nothing becomes very rash. The defintion of virtue is one that is never quite defined, but it rather chnages a bit throughout this exerpt. Aristottle starts to talk about three different sub categories that you can break virtue down into wich are weather virtue stems from our passions, our faculties, or simply our character traits. The quote that really stuck with me througout this passage is that "men are good in one way, but bad in many."

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  12. Life itself as Aristotle mentions in Book X, it's found to be best worth with complementation. That life isn't as much experienced when it's based upon superficial causes. He describes how by living, not only by breathing air, life can be found to be more intersting and prorper.
    The only way we our lifes can persevere; it's by acquiring knowledge out of the most beings ,that surround us kindly. Yet we must be really convienced, that life pursuing wisdom would consecuently be followed with uncertainties ,and tough experiences. Becuase we depend of others, that experiences that our ancestors lived must be a lesson to be heard. How can we correct all the misfortunes of the past, by hearing others, in topics such as life, politics and health. Not only to made ourselves life longer, but to be aware of the consequences everytime we move a finger.Aristotle says in book X that life in species it's of one purpose only, the difference in humans, it's that it varies a bit. Watching our species been concerned about what to dress, what to show off rises controversy. Are those the real purpose of living?. Consecuently we hear voices screaming pain, giving bad references to life, and accusing the nature of life as hostile and stressful.
    So a better way to approach happiness is in developing our mind. In collecting concepts and execute them propertly as the matter of the ocassion deserves. How can that be achieved, by pursuing pleasure with reason and logic. Not only with our hands.

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  13. In Book X according to Aristole Contemplation is the best life because contemplation must be the highest pleasure achievable by man. One who thinks happy thoughts and pleasures is the one who shall be happy rather than one who contemplates of turmoil will never be able to live in peace. Aristole also stated that Judging from the lives of most men especially a vulgar type of man seems not without some ground to identify the good with happiness or pleasure.

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  14. Contemplation can be said to be the best life for many reasons. Contemplation by definition is a long and thoughtful observation. In book X, Aristotle argues that life is self can be enjoyed or pleaseuered simply by enjoy the most basic, like just living life. Aristole also argues that contemp life is one that observes every aspect of both good and bad.
    "For he who lives as passion directs will not hear argument that dissuades him, nor understand it if he does."Also with knowledge knowing that there will be both negative and positive in our pursuit to so called happiness.
    "This is, too, why they say the pains inflicted should be those that are most opposed to the pleasures such men love."

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  15. Contemplation is defined as the separation of someone or something from an environment and enclosing it. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle believed that knowledge is the greatest good that can be achieved and that it’s something beneficial to all those that want to learn. It has been stated, those that give education are not only good judges but those that receive this knowledge are also good judges. I agree knowledge is something that we can learn from whether its right or wrong and choose to make these decisions based upon what we learn. As teachers the have an earlier means of what is right/wrong, as students we commonly learn than react. Knowledge is something that befits those who want to learn, not those who are being taught.
    According to the discussion, individuals aim to the highest good/happiness throughout their lives. Meaning living well and doing good. This kind of happiness is considered unwise. Those that look forward to this kind of happiness in their lives are usually politicians. They are only benefiting themselves not others. Also known as pleasure. In difference to happiness with honor, it is not easily granted and harder to gain with those that live a contemplated life.
    Book X basically discusses the idea of pleasure and how it’s easily chosen. Pleasure is an unseen truth of what is good but is taken as a wrong, it’s quite unclear. “According to Exodus pleasure is consider good because of temperance, it’s an unworthy action,” I see this kind of pleasure as something that we cannot avoid but is there for us to act upon without thought (natural occurrence). For example, doctors are pleased to work and devoted to their jobs because that what they have the most wisdom in. So in a sense pleasure is something that all people do, does this mean we will not achieve eternal happiness?
    In conclusion, Plato sought that if contemplating oneself knowledge can fully be reached and that good can come from this designation. From this experience one can become wise causing happiness or good. He argues that wisdom is desired not pleasure, but if we long for this wisdom, this knowledge, isn’t it a sense of pleasure?

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  16. As Aritotle describes happiness like something final and self-sufficient and is the end of action or as an activity of the soul in accordance with perfect virtue to reach our goal which is better life all time. Aristotle recommads us to study the human virtue for seeking human good and human happiness(BookI).

    In bookII Aristotle scritinizes human life in all its aspects and come out the idea that it is better for us to reach an intermidiate state between excess and deficit in each of the life's aspects in order to achieve better for others and ourselves. This is really a sort of contemplation or close look the aspects of man's life every day, evry time constantly.The contemplation is the best life because it is really what we need to look for human necessities such as human virtue for seeking human good and human happiness. This helps others and ourselves all time.

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  17. Aristotle's thinking of life seems to me a progressive way going deeper and deeper in what we need for better serve others and ourselves without rest.This is why Aristotle takes us from greatest good happiness an activity of soul in accordance with perfect virtue to the close look or cotemplation of life allowing us to reach an intermidiate state between excess and deficit that can help others and ourselves to do the right thing all time.

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  18. On book X Aristotle debates of whether pleasure should be or not an essential part of who we are, or if pleasure can interfere with our lives in a negative way. he also questions the fact that even though we are able to feel pleasure, we can never get enough of it "How, then, is it that no one is continuously pleased? Is it that we grow weary? Certainly all human beings are incapable of continuous activity." I absolutely agreed with him, because in my opinion it is only human wanting more of the good things once we experience it. Happiness is the greatest pleasure everyone pursuit, but why is it that most of us are never completely happy? we never stop looking for more pleasure. "One might think that all men desire pleasure because they all aim at life; life is an activity, and each man is active about those things and with those faculties that he loves most" not every decision you make in order to feel good, to feel pleasure always aim at making a better life for you, it only aims at the feeling, which is a good feeling, but it can be momentarily.

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  19. I believe that with out pleasure,there is no actual goal to aim for a good.if it is for the "greater good" of others.in our youth we strive for excelence in al things we do and as we grow older we grow wiser,due to our limited bodies and minds.to cope with what life has thrown our way is our best excelence and if we can do so with doing minimal harm to others wellfare and wellbeing than that is truelly virtuous.aristotle said that the youth is guided with the rudders of pleasure and pain,and I believe thatin the end we can follow this to an extent but if we simply do as we please and deter what is painful or bitter than we are no greater than the rest of the beast of this world.In the end a choice must be made and it is our choice and although there is no actual "knowledge" of what is absolute,we have "faith" because if man is just built for a day than we might aswell be monkeys.

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  20. Why contemplation is the best life? According to Aristotle, hapiness is the only in perfect andself-sufficient good and it is the supreme good because it is the onlygood complete in itself. It is also the only end that is chosen initself, and all other ends are mere means to the ultimate end ofhappiness. Aristotle derives his definition of happiness from thefunction of man which is the rational exercise of the functions of thesoul. A good man, and thus a happy man, is a man that achieves therational exercise of the soul’s functions in a virtuous manner. Avirtuous man lives a good life and does good. It is man’s purpose tobe happy and to be happy man must be virtuous. According to Aristotle, contemplation is the best part of a person’slife. Aristotledistinguished between three different traditional forms of life: thelife of contemplation, alife of virtue and a life of pleasure. Happiness is bound not only tovirtue, but also to man’s function in life. All three of lives arelives in which happiness can be achieved. Contemplation is thehighest part of us, but also the most continuous. Since contemplationis the most continuous and highest form of activity, it will be themost pleasant of the activities. It will be the most self-sufficient.Therefore, contemplation constitutes the most complete form of humanhappiness.

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