Read the whole preface
text available at: http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ph/phprefac.htm
Journals due on April 26.
Guidance questions
1. What's the commonness and difference between Hegel and Kant regarding scientific knowledge?
2. How do you understand the statement: "subject is pure and simple negativity" (Φ 18)?
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For Hegel to get to the scientific knowledge we must use our mind as subject that is capable to spliting up, and duplicating itself and setting factor in opposition in reflection the negation of indifferent diversity called the pure and simple negativity. The true reality is this process of reinstating of the subject of its own becoming the into its own itself in form of object the actual reality.
ReplyDeleteHegel and Kant both use the intuition to get to the scientific knowledge. Hegel the mind should be capable to reflecte itself into the actual reality in the form of object. In contast kant use the formal intuition (the mind) to perceives in the space and the time the scientific knowledge. Kant uses the spacial temporal boxe in which only the universal knowledge is possible.In contrast Hegel speaks about subject/matter to try to get the scientific knowledge. Then Hegel point out God/Divine intelligence which is nothing else the pure self-intuition of God expressed into actual reality.
Kant and Hegel both Share the same understanding of consciousness about the human mind and how human are perceived. ‘Kant believed that a rigorous application of the same methods of reasoning would yield an equal success in dealing with the problems of moral philosophy.’ Meanwhile Hegel describes it as being universal. He explains how everyone is there own person and we are all living it in an individual way.
ReplyDeleteCourtney Brown
ReplyDeleteIn this text Hegel treis to uses scientific theory and notion to explain the phenoms of this world. At one point Hegelk mentions that knowlegde centers around Philisophical thopughts and ideas. with that being said, its importnat to focus on gettin the resluts and answers to the questions at hand rather then focusing on the question. Hegel explains that resluts and explanations basically mnean everything wehn talking about philisophical thouhts and ideas. Hegel states that true knowledge is an exactl result of scientific thought and theory. Hegel then beigns to talk about spiritualism and the neglect for the world in which we live. He states that to many people are critizing the earth in which we live and waiting for this after life in heaven that isnt even promised to us. Hegel then begins to talk about self knowledge and how it is important for everyone to posses that. He states that self knowldgw can be the base to trully understanding philosophy. In hegels view everything revolves around grtasping and understanding the ultimate truth. The question is how to we obtaion this universal truth. I think Hegel would say we find these truths through scientific thought and expirements.
For Hegel it’s about the sensible consciousness first, then to the auto-consciousness, and finally the absolute truth. In the absolute knowledge, the absolute thought and ideas are thought by themselves, these groups of universal truth get not to be so harsh to come to the person’s mind. These ideas don’t require much of an effort to come to us. The absolute it’s in us, and knowledge it’s a bit of the absolute that is acquired by our minds; in the pursuit of a better understanding of our own world. Scientific knowledge it’s profoundly rational, all that is true is all. Then all gets to be manifested in moments and actions. Whereas, Kant perceives it as a priori. As something synthetic, which needs to be proof and experimented to see its validity. They both see an universal pattern in the sciences, yet their views of achieving it, for Kant it’s more broad, and Hegel says it is already in us.
ReplyDeleteFor Hegel the human thought its mere negation, it is based on being and then to action. The only way the brain can keep up, on thinking on processing ideas and coming into conclusions, it’s by working on the negation of all the affirmations in nature. All that exist then it’s contradictory to the subjectivity of us. God it’s a synthesis of all contradictions. As the negativity, If there was all absolute and truth, then we wouldn’t be thinking at all, then most of our common thinking that is more personal. Comes to be tested into the field of the many, and the thoughts and ideas get to be more perfect after negations and tests.
When Hegel talks of the negative, he posits that every statement has an antithesis; for example, for every "Hegel is a bachelor" there is also a "Hegel is not a bachelor." The subject Hegel speaks of is our consciousness as a whole; Hegel refers to it as an act of reflection, strikingly similar to Augustine's theory of the present. Action of the subject, to Hegel, is pure negativity because it is always utilizing the antithesis, and "opposing" itself. He describes sameness in the Subject by saying that we negate our negations as well; this gets very confusing! So many negations of negations!
ReplyDeleteI find this puzzling. Is he saying that the very movement of the human is a series of negative antitheses? That we are defying ourselves in movement? And what of the now; wasn't the philosophy of "now is not now" stressed much better in Augustine's confessions? Why tread similar ground so much later?
hegel's main aim in the text was to reveal the core of philosophical method and diffrentiate it from previous philosophy. hegel's method consists of examining conciousness, experince of both it'self and of it's object and eliciting the contradiction and diffrent movement that shows its perception of experince. if conciousness is attentive to that which is present and how it relates to objects ;it will see that what looks like solid and fixed form is divided into dialetical movements.which proves that philosophy cannot be based on selective or consecetive reasoning but relys on the existence of conciousness.hegel disputes some of kants view on mordern philosophy.he decribes first having established nature of and criteria for prior knowledge, to knowing something,because it would imply an infinite regress , a foundation that hegel states would be self contradictory . he states the we must accept real knowing as it occurs in real learning process.
ReplyDeleteIn this text the commonness and difference between Hegel and Kant is to Hegel its about sensible conciousness and absolute truth. As with kant he believed that if you were to apply the same method over and over again it you would have success when it came to philosophy and they both were the same because they both used intuition to get to the core values of philospohy.
ReplyDeleteSamantha Jones
ReplyDeleteA difference between two on scientific knowledge is that one is absolute within the boundaries of truth and what you perceive as the truth. And the other as unlimited truth. But either or one is to be absolute and other to be unlimited.
Absolute, to continue to justify till the answer is to be universal and always to be in mind as true and unchanged, continues to be the individuals thoughts that this is an object or a person and you see this as a truth. So does everyone since it is absolute, true truth and the ways of the ultimate truth is widely perceived and as the true of truth, but is this possible? Can a truth be true just becomes on said so? Can’t it not be proven that a truth is simply a statement or an idea instead of an answer? If we are getting ewer answers from god how is it him/her himself/herself that knows this truth? Does god know all? I drought that he is all knowledgeable then human kind would not to exists at all if this supreme being knew all. I think this person is as unknowledgeable as we are. He/she is trying to find the truth when the truth is only an idea to begin with just because we supposedly prove it to be the truth is still able to be changed for the truth can’t stay the truth. One could be lying and could be telling the truth as they say.
Eternity is a lie if one can’t stop time for if one has to spend an eternity in jail and he never dies well then a year will seem like a month to him. And if time were to stop we would not exist so time and space cannot stop them. There is no way to stop time for time finds you. If you were to sit there and watch TV and not get up, someone or some action will make it so you will have to move from your seat, a job, bathroom, another individual.
There isn’t a truth but there is a answer or an idea that we base these truths upon, for the truth can be a lie and not the truth. A lie is a truth that others base there ideas on mostly taken from another and made into another’s idea or it can be that persons idea and turned into a fact then a truth. But there isn’t anything that proves this “truth” to be in fact the truth itself for the human race is always changing and adding new words and seem to become influenced calling something is the truth when it could be just a figure of speech and a lie.
Subject can be taught and used in many forms but the fact it is a subject things are changed all the time, and new subjects are raised and new things emerge. It can’t contain a truth for it is on one thing or on many that have been changed many times till the point that the truth is false. For the fact t can just be an opinion and not a fact or answer. It can change as many times as an individual wants it to change, as long as this person can change it the subject continues to change within itself to turn into a philosophy then a truth and then into a simple is to answer without more and when it means more.